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March 12, 2026

In one of his final recorded videos, Tim Keller shared some books that he had been reading during the COVID pandemic that reshaped and deepened his own thought. One author he returned to over and over again was Herman Bavinck, the late 19th/early 20th century Dutch theologian.

In Bavinck, Keller found an approach to engaging with culture in a way that is orthodox yet modern—that is, a way of being faithful to the historic Christian tradition while also being attuned to the pressing questions and issues of the day. While he admitted that Bavinck was hard to read at times, he insisted the dividends are worth the effort.

Keller Center fellow Gray Sutanto is a Bavinck scholar, and in his latest essay he gives a biographical sketch of Bavinck’s life, writings, and apologetic method. You can also learn more about Bavinck and other cultural apologists throughout history when you register for Portraits of a Cultural Apologist, a seven week online cohort taught by our fellows. Registration (with books) closes on March 19. Sign up today!

MATT LIETZEN
Content Strategist
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In How To Reach the West Again, Tim Keller called for Christians to cultivate a “Christian High Theory”: a method of contextualization whereby Christians don’t merely explain the gospel itself but also explain their own culture with the gospel. Late in his ministry, Keller turned to Herman Bavinck (1854–1921) for precisely this kind of project.

In Bavinck, we find the ground zero for many of the ways Christians in the 21st century speak about how to analyze, critique, and evangelize the late-modern world. His writings are the primary sources for concepts that have been so taken for granted that they’re used without definitions: common grace, Christianity as a worldview, and subversive fulfillment.

Oddly enough, however, Bavinck’s main works were untranslated until recently, with his four-volume Reformed Dogmatics translated in 2008 and other seminal texts like Christian Worldview and Christianity and Science as late as 2019 and 2023. Concepts like “worldview” and “common grace” have received a life of their own in Anglophone Christianity apart from the source that first articulated these notions.

In Bavinck, we find the silent influence behind many of the most formative minds in American evangelicalism and Reformed theology—figures like Keller, Francis Schaeffer, and Louis Berkhof. This is why, in Gayle Doornbos’s and my forthcoming book, The Essential Herman Bavinck, we seek to reintroduce his core texts in one volume, and why The Keller Center is including a session on Bavinck in a cohort on major figures in cultural apologetics.

Let’s consider the answers to three questions: Who was Bavinck? What were his major writings? And how does his work inform cultural apologetics for today?

LEARN MORE ABOUT BAVINCK & HIS APOLOGETIC METHOD

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