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Theology of Urban Mission

The Biblical Theology and Current Theological and Practical Challenges in Urban Mission

Curated from a lecture series by Edmund Clowney

Course Introduction

About Dr. Edmund Clowney

Education:

  • Bachelor of Arts from Wheaton College in 1939
  • Bachelor of Theology from Westminster Theological Seminary in 1942
  • Master of Sacred Theology from Yale Divinity School in 1944
  • Doctor of Divinity from Wheaton College in 1966

In 1966, he became the first president of Westminster Theological Seminary and served until 1984.

Edmund Clowney – Wikipedia

About the Course

This course enlightens the mind to what the Bible says about missions, how the church regards missions throughout history. and what to think about other religions of the world. God himself is the center of missions, according to Scripture. Thus, Dr. Clowney centers his series of lectures based off this idea and gives useful information for how to approach the mission today.

Missions in the Old Testament

This lecture gives an overview of what missions is primarily about and gives insight to the idea of what it means to bless the Lord, to be a blessing, and to be blessed as seen through Abraham in the Old Testament and the coming of Jesus.

  • Part 1Runtime: 58 min
  • Part 2Runtime: 61 min
  • Part 3Runtime: 63 min
What is the center of missions?
What constitutes all of God's blessings?
How does the idea of blessing relate to missions?
What does is it mean that missions in the Old Testament is centripetal?

Key Scriptures/Passages
  • The Center of Missions – Exodus 19:4, Isaiah 43:19, Romans 11:36, 1 Peter 2:9, Psalm 96:3
  • The Idea of Blessing – Numbers 6:22-27, Genesis 12:3, John 4 (God desires worshipers)
  • A Scattered Remnant – Isaiah 10:11, 12, 45:22-25; Deuteronomy 30, Jeremiah 7
  • The Wisdom of Solomon – 1 Kings 4:29-34
  • The Glory of God Revealed – Jeremiah 3:16 (no more need for the ark of the covenant), Zechariah 14:20
  • God Must Come for Justice and Justification – Ezekiel 33, 34, 37; Zechariah 13:7-9, Isaiah 43:25, Micah 7:16-17
  • The Righteous Servant Who Suffers – Psalm 69:9, Isaiah 52:13, 53, 63:9; Exodus 17
  • To the nations  – Isaiah 2, 19:20, 25, 60:5, 61:6; Zechariah 14:16

Missions in the New Testament

This lecture emphasizes the announcement of Christ’s coming in the New Testament. Christ comes to gather his people, and the church is to reach out and gather the elect. The gospel is a message of compassion and grace. Therefore, we are to show compassion and grace to the nations through the power of the Holy Spirit.

  • Part 1Runtime: 46 min
  • Part 2Runtime: 45 min
  • Part 3Runtime: 79 min
How is missions in the NT similar to the centripetal movement of missions in the OT?
Why is it important for the church to reach out to the nations with the gospel?
What "call" does the NT emphasize?
Who are God the Father and Jesus the Son seeking together to gather?

Key Scriptures/Passages
  • Judgement and Blessing – Genesis 10; 12; Deuteronomy 30
  • Restoration through Christ – Luke 2:11, 32; Isaiah 49
  • To Gather the Remnant – Ezekiel 34:5, 11; Luke 12:32, Matthew 9:36, John 10:16
  • Come Into the Feast – Isaiah 2:2-4; 25; Matthew 22:4, Luke 14:15-24
  • Drawing men to Himself – John 12
  • The Cross is Near – Psalm 42
  • Only to Israel – Matthew 10
  • To All Nations – Matthew 28:18-20
  • To Call the People to Gather Together – Matthew 12:30, Luke 11:23
  • The Church to Reach Out and Gather – Matthew 4
  • The Fullness of the Elect – Romans 11
  • A Relationship Between Matthew 16 and 28
  • The Lord Works How He Wills – Luke 5
  • Confess Christ Before Men – Matthew 10 and 16
  • The Compassion of God – Luke 15:11-32; 10; 1 Peter 2:9
  • Gentiles as the Holy People of God – Philippians 2:14-16, Deuteronomy 32:5, 1 Corinthians 14:25
Lecture Bibliography

The Mission of the Church

In this lecture, Dr. Clowney tells us Christ brings in the kingdom by the way of the cross, and the church is the resurrection assembly of Christ as well as a manifestation of the kingdom with Jesus Christ in authority. The church lives in the time between his first and second coming where God delays judgement. Thus, the mission of the church is to help bring forth the kingdom of God–not by force but by the power of the Holy Spirit.

  • Part 1Runtime: 47 min
  • Part 2Runtime: 44 min
  • Part 3Runtime: 79 min
What brings in the kingdom?
The church is not given the sword, so who has the sword?

Key Scriptures/Passages
  • Jesus’ Kingdom Power – Matt. 11:20; 12; John 12, Hebrews 1
  • Heirs with Christ – Eph. 2:11-12, 19
  • Judgement on the house of God – 1 Peter 4:17, 1 Corinthians 6
  • The church is not given the sword – John 18:11-36, Heb. 13:14, 2 Corinthians 10:3, Eph. 6
  • Pray for Peace – Is. 29:7, 1 Tim. 2:1-2, Jer. 29
  • Christ has taken the sword – Acts 12:23; 13:11; 5
  • The church is the new nation and family of God – 1 Peter 2:9, Eph. 3:15

The Ecumenical Movement

Ecumenism is the movement or tendency toward worldwide Christian unity or cooperation. The term emphasizes what is viewed as the universality of the Christian churches.

This lecture goes through the history of this movement by tracing the conferences that took place among churches of all denominations throughout the generations.

  • Part 1Runtime: 47 min
  • Part 2Runtime: 47 min
  • Part 3Runtime: 47 min
  • Part 4Runtime: 47 min
  • Part 5Runtime: 48 min
  • Part 6Runtime: 46 min
What are four contributing factors to the ecumenical movement?
This movement said people should not be divided by theological dispositions. However, in what case should they not unite?
To progress ecumenically, you need to progress ______.

Liberation Theology

This lecture describes the problem with Liberation Theology, a movement prevalent in the 70s and 80s that relied heavily on Marxist ideology and distorted Biblical doctrine. Sin, for example, was often viewed in terms of oppressive social structures instead of an individual’s rebellion against God.

  • Liberation TheologyRuntime: 79 min

Lecture Bibliography

Approach in Mission

Dr. Clowney explores pros and cons of two different approaches to evangelism in mission. The direct approach gets straight to the gospel while the indirect approach seeks the understanding of the individual before presenting the gospel–if it ever gets to there.

In the latter portion of the lecture, he explains The Chinese Rites Controversy and the problems it presented in matters of approach.

  • Part 1Runtime: 47 min
  • Part 2Runtime: 46 min
  • Part 3Runtime: 65 min
What are some advantages to the direct approach?
What is a disadvantage to the direct approach?
What is an advantage to the indirect approach?
What is a disadvantage to the indirect approach?

Key Scripture/Passages
  • Hardened and Blind to Sin – 2 Cor. 3:14, 1 Cor 1:20, 2 Cor. 4, Rom. 3:10-11, 2 Thess. 1:8
  • The Ignorance of the Lost – Ps. 97:6, Eph. 4:17-18, Acts 17:23, 30; John 4:22,1 Cor. 10:20
  • God gives man up to their own evil desires. Because men gave God up, God gave them up. – Rom. 1:21-26
  • Grasping the Truth – Rom. 7:6, 2 Thess. 2:6-7, Philemon 13, Rom. 1:18
  • Holding Fast – Luke 14:9, Hebrews 10:23, 1 Thess. 5:21, Heb. 3:6, 1 Cor. 15:2; 7:30;  6:10; 11:2
  • They grab it so they can exchange it. –  Rom. 1
  • The Doctrine of Orginal Sin – Rom. 5

Contextualization

Contextualization began when missionaries on the field recognized the need to understand the culture to establish a church. Questions such as “Can the gospel be understood among cultural boundaries?” and “Can Western Culture communicate the gospel?” arose.

Dr. Clowney presents how culture shapes theology as well as how theology shapes culture and emphasizes Christ as the transformer of culture.

  • Part 1Runtime: 47 min
  • Part 2Runtime: 46 min
  • Part 3Runtime: 78 min
Clowney presents Christ as the transformer of culture. What does this mean?
How do diverse people come together?
How are we not bound by our culture or language?
Is the gospel limited by language barriers?
How does systematic theology help in contextualization?
Why is contextualization of Scripture important?

Key Scriptures/Passages
  • The Revelation of God’s Word – Ex. 31:18; 32:16, Deut. 31:26, Jer. 23:29, John 5:45, Heb. 1:1-2, Col. 2:8
  • Theology Shapes Culture – Deut. 6:6
  • Our Sufferings for Christ’s Sake – 2 Cor. 1:5; 4:15; 12:15, Eph. 3:1, 13


The Church Growth Movement

Church Growth is a movement within evangelical Christianity which aims to grow churches based on research, sociology, analysis, etc. The Church Growth Movement started with a passion for the Great Commission, and seeing people come to Christ, but it also created a few problems.

Statistics will show a church is more likely to grow when it stays within one societal or cultural group. Yet to be like Christ, we know we must welcome all people and seek reconciliation.

This lecture walks through ideals of the Church Growth Movement and helps us understand how to prioritize disciple-making in the church while also overcoming barriers and moving towards reconciliation.

  • Part 1Runtime: 47 min
  • Part 2Runtime: 42 min
  • Part 3Runtime: 79 min
What do people of this movement say is required of the church?
What type of people do evangelists of this movement strategize to reach?
Should we take people out of their social context in order to evangelize to them or help them grow as believers?

Key Scriptures/Passages
  • Fruitful Labor – Luke 5
  • Seize the Opportunities – 2 Sam. 15, Eccl. 3:1-8, Eph. 5:16
  • Discerning God’s Will – Phil. 1:10
  • Strategies/Being Good Stewards – Matt. 25:26

Lecture Bibliography

Defining Religion

There are 4 billion people in the world with approximately 1 billion of those claiming Christianity. This lecture opens up a discussion about the resurgence and common practices of world religions as well as theories that attempt to define religion.

  • Part 1Runtime: 46 min
  • Part 2Runtime: 44 min
  • Part 3Runtime: 47 min
  • Part 4Runtime: 42 min
What is Fetishism?
What is Henotheism?
What is Polytheism?
What is Monotheism?
According to J.H. Bavinck, what do other religions represent?
According to Wilhelm Schmidt, where do you find the primitive tribes today?


Overview of World Religions

This lecture gives an overview of world religions by discussing in length the ways of Confucianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam.

  • Part 1Runtime: 46 min
  • Part 2Runtime: 44 min
  • Part 3Runtime: 47 min
  • Part 4Runtime: 48 min
  • Part 5Runtime: 45 min
  • Part 6Runtime: 46 min
  • Part 7Runtime: 43 min

Lecture Bibliography